The 2013 border defense cooperation agreement between India and China has been a topic of discussion for many years, especially in the context of the recent Galwan Valley clash. As a professional, I want to shed light on this agreement and its relevance to the UPSC exam.

Firstly, let`s understand the basics of the agreement. It was signed between the two countries to maintain peace and tranquility in the border areas and to prevent any untoward incidents. The agreement also aimed to promote mutual trust and confidence between the two countries.

The agreement has several important provisions, including the establishment of a working mechanism for consultation and coordination on border affairs. This mechanism consists of a joint working group, a border personnel meeting mechanism, and a hotline between the two countries` military headquarters.

The agreement also lays down guidelines for maintaining peace and tranquility in the border areas, including measures to prevent accidental border crossings, to avoid misunderstandings, and to ensure that border patrols do not engage in provocative behavior.

Now, let`s discuss the relevance of this agreement to the UPSC exam. Aspirants appearing for the exam should be aware of India`s foreign policy and its relations with neighboring countries. The 2013 border defense cooperation agreement is a crucial aspect of India-China relations, and a question related to it can be asked in the exam.

UPSC aspirants should also be aware of the recent developments related to this agreement, especially in the context of the Galwan Valley clash. The clash has led to a significant strain in India-China relations, and aspirants should be aware of the steps India has taken to ensure its national security.

To conclude, the 2013 border defense cooperation agreement between India and China is an important aspect of India`s foreign policy, and aspirants appearing for the UPSC exam should be aware of its provisions and relevance. Understanding this agreement will enable them to answer questions related to it in the exam and have a better understanding of India`s relations with China.